The reliability of the rotation of the sun and the moon in Shari'a rulings and matters
According to the rotation of the sun and the moon, there are two types of solar systems in the world. According to the rotation of the sun, the prevailing sun is called Shamsi and the months of January, February and March etc. are the months of this sun. Whereas the year which is in progress according to the rotation of the moon is called the lunar month and Muharram, Safar, Rabi al-Awwal etc. are the months of this year. The Hijri year is based on the lunar calendar. The prevailing solar year is also called CE which starts with the birth of Hazrat Isa (peace be upon him). To determine the times and days in the world, the rotation of both the sun and the moon have been calculated. However, the solar year is a few days longer than the lunar year and the summer and winter seasons also go with it, so the lunar year changes according to the seasons.
In Islam, the rotation of both the sun and the moon is believed, and both are taken into account in Shari'a rules and acts of worship. However, there is a difference that days and months are determined by the moon, while hours are determined by the sun. The five daily prayer times are determined by the rotation of the sun, Fajr prayer before sunrise, Dhuhr prayer after sunset, Asr before sunset, Maghrib after sunset, and Isha prayer at the end of twilight. is read and all these times are determined with the rotation of the sun. However, Ramadan, Eid, 10 Muharram, Hajj days and other days are determined according to the moon. Now look at fasting, the days of fasting will be determined according to the moon, but the hours of fasting are calculated according to the sun. The time for Suhoor is shortly before sunrise and the time for Iftar is after sunset. In this way, the days of Hajj will be determined according to the lunar calendar, but the time of the members and functions of Hajj will be determined according to the sun. Set together.
For this reason, the rotation of both the sun and the moon has been taken into account in the Shariah rules and matters, but with the difference that the determination of days will be with the moon, while the determination of times will be with the sun, so all our acts of worship and orders are based on this calculation. There is wisdom in this difference too
For example, if Ramadan is determined according to the rotation of the sun, then whatever month is determined, it will always come in the same season and there will be no enjoyment of fasting in different seasons. For example, if the month of October was reserved for fasting, it would fall in the same season every year. While the determination of Ramadan according to the lunar calendar gives diversity that fasts of different seasons are combined and a Muslim fasts in every season of the year until the age of fifty after becoming an adult, cold, medium and Hot as well and thus diversity is maintained.
For this reason, in Islam, the rotation of both the sun and the moon has been taken into account for settling calculations and matters and paying the prayers, and the difference has been taken into account that the months and days will be determined according to the moon, while the times of the rotation of the sun have been taken into account. We will settle together and there is also wisdom in fasting and Hajj in different seasons
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